Today, I am up to discuss a topic that can make or break your driving experience – brakes! Specifically, I will illustrate the light electric vs. heavy electric brakes, which will be interesting.
Then, what sets light and heavy electric brakes apart?
According to findings from etrailer.com, light electric brakes are commonly used on smaller trailers or boats. Similarly, heavy electric brakes are used on larger trailers or RVs. You can also determine the required electric brake system type depending on the weight and size of the vehicle that will tow.
As a vehicle enthusiast, I understand the importance of having the right brake system. Read this comprehensive blog to learn what differs between light and heavy electric brakes.
Understanding Electric Brakes
Having reliable electric brakes, especially in towing a trailer, boat, or RV is very important. In these vehicles, an electric current power the electric brakes. When you hit the brakes, the brake controller sends an electrical signal to the brakes. It initiates a set of brake pads to slow down the vehicle.
Mostly, electric brakes are available in trailers’ braking systems for safe towing. They provide superior control and braking power than traditional trailer brakes.
Thus, two known types or categories of electric brakes are:
- Light electric brakes
- Heavy electric brakes
Comparison Overview: Light Electric vs. Heavy Electric Brakes
| Light Electric Brakes | Heavy Electric Brakes |
|---|---|
| Designed for light-duty vehicles | Designed for heavy-duty vehicles |
| Suitable for passenger cars, light trailers, small boats | Trucks, buses, heavy trailers, trains |
| Lower brake force | Higher brake force |
| Easier to install | Requires professional installation |
| Faster brake response than heavy electric brakes | Slower brake response than light electric brakes |
| Battery-powered | Battery-powered or external power source |
| Electronic controller | Electronic or pneumatic controller |
| More affordable | Slightly or more expensive |
| Minimal maintenance | Regular and frequent maintenance |
| Moderate durability | High durability |
| Quieter than heavy electric brakes | Louder than light electric brakes |
Light Electric Brakes
This part includes the definition, features, compatibility, advantages, and disadvantages of light electric brakes.
Definition
Light electric brakes are typically used on smaller trailers like boats or utility trailers. They can stop the trailer without applying excessive force to the towing vehicle. Likewise, a flow of electric current is required to supply electrical signals to let the brakes work.
A set of electromagnets are used in these brakes that can apply friction to the brake drums or rotors. Gradually, this process slows down or stops the vehicle.
Features
Light electric brakes are simple and easy to use. They provide reliable braking performance. Also, you can install and maintain them more affordably than heavy electric brakes.
You can control these brakes using various methods. They can be proportional controllers, time-delayed controllers, and inertia-activated brake controllers.
Compatibility
In which vehicles will you use the light electric brakes? These brakes are good for trailers, small boats, camper trailers, caravans, and horse floats. The lighter weight and lower towing capacity of these vehicles are why you can use light electric brakes.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Light Electric Brakes
Check out this table to learn the advantages and disadvantages of using light electric brakes:
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| More affordable than hydraulic brakes | Not suitable for heavy-duty towing |
| Takes less effort to install | A slower response time than hydraulic brakes |
| No need for hydraulic systems | Less effective in emergencies |
| Least regular maintenance required | Needs reliable battery power for proper functioning |
| Cost saving option | May require extra equipment or modifications |
| Smooth and consistent braking | Brake pads may wear down and require replacement |
| Comparatively less wear and tear on the vehicle’s tires | Less durable against wear and tear of heavy use or rough terrain |
| Lesser risk of jackknifing | |
| Compact size takes less space | |
| Good for camping or boating |
Heavy Electric Brakes
I will discuss the definition, features, types, and compatibility in this part. Besides, you will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of heavy electric brakes.
Definition
You may know these brakes as trailer electric brakes. These brakes are ideal for larger trailers, like RVs, horse trailers, and large cargo trailers. Also, they are typically more robust and durable than light electric brakes. They can even handle the weight and demands of larger trailers easily.
Heavy electric brakes operate in much the same way as light electric brakes. For instance, a signal from the towing vehicle’s brake system activates the trailer’s brakes.
Features
These electric brakes have larger brake drums or rotors and stronger brake shoes. Moreover, the more powerful magnets can engage the brakes in a better way than light electric brakes. But they need a more robust brake controller and wiring system than light electric brakes.
Usually, you can find these brakes working by using a hydraulic or electric-over-hydraulic system. This system applies the trailer brakes simultaneously with the tow vehicle brakes. As a result, you have more control and stability during braking.
Like light electric brakes, these items can be controlled with proportional, time-delayed, or inertia-activated brake controllers.
Compatibility
If your trailers, like heavy-duty trucks, buses, and RVs, need greater stopping power, you should choose heavy electric brakes. You may also use them in commercial trailers to carry heavy loads. Likewise, these vehicles require a robust braking system to stop significant weight and provide reliable performance. Especially when the hydraulic braking system becomes less practical, these brakes fit the job better.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Heavy Electric Brakes
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Greater stopping power | Requires professional installation |
| Suitable for larger trailers and heavier loads | More expensive than light electric brakes |
| Requires less maintenance than hydraulic brakes | Not suitable for smaller trailers and lighter loads |
| No fluid replacement required | Requires a higher voltage output from the tow vehicle |
| Better lifespan | Needs a robust electrical system with a high-amp battery |
| Suitable for various tow vehicles (also those without hydraulic brake systems) | Increased power consumption and battery drain |
| Consistent braking, regardless of the load, speed, or terrain | The initial cost is higher in high-end models |
| Const effective option for heavy-duty towing | Needs compatible brake controllers |
Types of Light & Heavy Electric Brakes
All these light and heavy electric brakes also have several variations. Here are some of them:
Drum Light Electric Brakes
These brakes are available in both small and heavy-duty trailers. You can operate them by using a magnet to engage the brake shoes against the drum.
First, the brake controller sends a signal to the electric brake assembly. The signal activates an electromagnet to pull the brake shoes against the drum, creating friction. Then, you can slow down or stop the trailer.
Disc Light Electric Brakes
These brakes are less standard in light-duty applications. Disc brakes are more efficient and higher performing than drum brakes. But you may need to spend more money buying and maintaining these brakes.
These brakes use a caliper and rotor system, like the brakes you can find on cars and trucks.
The brake controller sends a signal to the electric brake assembly. Likewise, the signal activates an electric motor to pressure the brake pads to create friction. The trailer stops after this friction.
Integrated Brakes
These brakes are designed to be integrated with the trailer’s hydraulic system. This integration provides improved braking control and performance.
Surge Brakes
These brakes use the trailer’s weight to activate the braking system. They can be beneficial for trailers that you frequently load and unload. Also, they are common in boat trailers.
Electric Over Hydraulic Brakes
These brakes are a combination of electric and hydraulic braking systems. They provide better braking performance for larger trailers. Again, they use an electric actuator to pressurize the hydraulic system and apply the brakes.
Control Methods for Electric Brakes (Light & Heavy)
Control methods refer to how light electric brakes are operated and managed. You should choose a suitable control method to ensure safe and efficient towing.
Some of these control methods are:
Time-Based/Delayed
As the name suggests, this type of controller applies the brakes after a predetermined delay or is just engaged. In this control method, the brake is activated when the driver applies the brakes. Then, it remains employed for a predetermined period.
The driver can adjust the delay to suit the towing vehicle and trailer combination. But it can make braking less responsive and potentially less safe.
Proportional
This method uses sensors to measure the required braking force based on the trailer weight. It applies the brakes in proportion to the force applied by the towing vehicle’s brake pedal. Consequently, it makes the braking more effective, smoother, and safer than time-based control.
Inertia Activated
It uses a sensor to detect the deceleration of the towing vehicle. Then, it applies the trailer brakes accordingly. As a result, the driver gets more precise braking and better performance while towing on uneven terrain or in slippery conditions. But often, it needs some adjustments to set the right sensitivity for the sensor.
Hydraulic Over Electric
This method uses a hydraulic system to apply the trailer brakes. But it is controlled by an electric signal from the tow vehicle’s brake controller. Often, you can find this type of controller on larger trailers with hydraulic brakes.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Between Light and Heavy Electric Brakes
If you want to install electric brakes, consider a few factors. They are:
Towing Capacity
Heavy electric brakes are typically needed for larger vehicles. These vehicles require more braking power. Likewise, this power is less for smaller vehicles where you install light electric brakes.
The Type of Towable Vehicle
You should consider this factor too. For example, a boat trailer may require a different type of brake system than an RV.
Weight of the Trailer
The weight of the trailer should be considered. Heavier trailers may need heavy electric brakes for proper braking.
Frequency of Use and Conditions of Driving and Terrain
Do you frequently tow your vehicle through steep hills or rough terrain? Then, you will need heavy electric brakes for safe towing. Otherwise, you may use light electric brakes.
Maintenance and Cost
Heavy electric brakes may require more maintenance. Also, they can be more expensive to install and maintain than light electric brakes. Sometimes you may need to call for professional assistance for heavy electric brakes.
Installation of Light and Heavy Electric Brakes
Now, you will learn how to install light and heavy electric brakes in your vehicle:
Light Electric Brakes Installation
- Select the appropriate size and type of light electric brakes for your trailer. You may refer to the manufacturer’s instructions and specifications.
- Next, install the brake mounting plate on the trailer axle using the appropriate bolts and nuts.
- Then, attach the brake assembly to the brake mounting plate using bolts and nuts.
- After that, connect the brake wires to the trailer’s electrical system. Ensure that the polarity is correct.
- Later, adjust the brake shoes by turning the adjuster wheel until there is slight resistance when rotating the brake drum.
Now, you can test the brakes by applying the brake controller in the tow vehicle. It will help to understand if the brakes engage correctly.
Heavy Electric Brakes Installation
- Select the right heavy electric brake system for your vehicle and trailer.
- Now, install the brake control unit in the vehicle.
- Then, install the brake assemblies on the trailer axles.
- Next, wire the brake assemblies and control unit accordingly.
Test the brake system thoroughly by applying the brake controller before using it on the road.
Maintenance of Light and Heavy Electric Brakes
You can follow these instructions to keep the electric brakes functional and fully responsive:
- Regularly inspect the brake components for wear, damage, or corrosion.
- Check the brake pads regularly to ensure they are in good condition.
- Adjust the brake shoes periodically to ensure proper braking performance.
- Check the brake wires for any damage or wear and replace them as necessary.
- Lubricate the brake components after checking the fluid level properly.
- Examine the brake wiring and connections for any damage or loose connections.
- Clean the brake components with a wire brush or sandpaper to remove rust or debris.
Troubleshooting Issues with Light and Heavy Electric Brakes
You can get several issues using these electric brakes. So, try these ways to solve if your braking system gets any of these issues:
Light Electric Brakes
- Brake pulls: Unevenly adjusted brake shoes or a misaligned brake assembly may cause this problem. So, change the brake shoes and realign the brake assembly as necessary.
- Brake drags: An over-adjusted brake shoe or a seized brake component may cause this problem. So, adjust the brake shoes or replace the affected part as necessary.
- Weak braking: Worn brake shoes, low brake fluid, or a faulty brake controller are usual reasons for weak braking. You may need to replace the brake shoes, check the brake fluid level, and test the brake controller for proper function.
Heavy Electric Brakes
- Brakes not working: Check the wiring and connections to ensure they are appropriately connected. Ensure that they are not damaged. Then, check the brake pads for wear.
- Brakes locking up: Like light electric brakes, locking up happens due to an over-adjusted brake controller or incorrect installation of the brake assemblies.
- Uneven braking: Irregular adjustment of the brake assemblies or tire pressure causes trouble in getting smooth braking.
Frequently Asked Questions
Question-1: What is the lifespan of electric brakes?
Answer: It depends on usage frequency, driving conditions, and maintenance. Electric brakes typically last up to 50,000 miles or more with proper care and maintenance.
Question-1: Can I use heavy electric brakes on a lightweight trailer?
Answer: You can, but it is not recommended. For example, heavy electric brakes are solely designed for larger, heavier vehicles and trailers. These vehicles need more braking force. But using them on a lightweight trailer may cause excessive wear and tear on the brakes. Therefore, you will get poor braking performance.
Question-3: How can I maintain electric brakes?
Answer: You can regularly check brake pads, rotors, and calipers. Also, you should figure out and treat the worn wear. You should clean and lubricate the brake assembly if it requires.
Conclusion
So, you have read a lengthy article on light electric vs. heavy electric brakes. I hope you understood all the subtopics I have explained relevant to these electric brakes.
Some factors like budget, driving experience, and terrain for driving are also connected to this selection of brakes.
It is good to use heavy electric brakes for larger trailers. Car and Driver magazine prioritizes heavy electric brakes over light ones for better stopping power and less required maintenance.
You cannot ignore the benefits of light electric brakes. They are more affordable and easier to install. You should pick up light electric brakes if you have a small trailer.
Thanks for reading this blog.
